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Image fusion within prostate biopsy
ŽŮČEK, David
This study deals with the use of image fusion within prostate biopsy, which is a method used for several decades, which serves to accurately capture pathological findings in the prostate, primarily prostate cancer. The combination of imaging modalities, which are magnetic resonance and intracavitary ultrasonography, is used to guide the biopsy. The aim of the study was to study the unusual situation where one and the same radiological team performs both procedures at the same time. Procedures from which the prostate biopsy methodology guided by image fusion is formed. Subsequently, we established a hypothesis that specific benefits can be found when the same doctor and radiology assistant perform both procedures. Procedures which consists of image fusion of magnetic resonance imaging and intracavitary ultrasonography, which guide the prostate biopsy of the same patient. The methodology of the theoretical part was the study of mostly foreign professional medical articles and literature and the subsequent use of the information to clarify the described method. In the practical part, the output data of physical examination of 59 patients were processed with the use of ROC analysis and then compared with two foreign studies to verify the established hypothesis. The data were provided by Mr. MUDr. Zdeněk Chudáček Ph.D. The results of the ROC analysis and its comparison with foreign studies confirmed the hypothesis, and therefore the presence of specific advantages of the studied unusual situation of performing a prostate biopsy in the way determined at the beginning of this study. The results of this study will be used in a broader journal publication, which aims to bring the issue of this study to the professional radiological public.
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The communication Strategy of Nonprofit Organization Movember Foundation in the Czech Republic
Steinbergerová, Zuzana ; Shavit, Anna (advisor) ; Klimeš, David (referee)
The bachelor thesis Communication Strategy of Nonprofit Organization Movember Foundation in the Czech Republic presents international nonprofit organization which focuses on men's health. The first part of thesis focuses on history of the organization and its missions. The thesis continues with a chapter in which is explained the role of marketing in nonprofit organizations then marketing goals in the organization are defined. The next part of the thesis is concentrated on communication strategy of the organization in the Czech Republic. This part also analyzes who are target audiences and defines competitors among other nonprofit organizations within the same area of interest. Furthermore this chapter presents communication activities in two time periods: 2009- 2012 and 2013-2015 and analyses them. The next part concerns author's own research, which will reveal awareness of the organization in the Czech Republic. Moreover research will show if Czechs consider the organization as trustworthy institution or not. In addition to that, research will disclose if the organization was successful in terms of increasing the awareness of male's cancer during the 7- year-period of its presence in the Czech Republic. The last chapter of the thesis recommends how Movember Foundation can improve its...
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Physiological and pathophysiological role of GCPII in the body
Sedlák, František ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Klener, Pavel (referee) ; Smetana, Karel (referee)
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a metalloprotease responsible for cleaving the neurotransmitter N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate in the central nervous system to N-acetyl aspartate and glutamate. At the same time, in the human small intestine, it facilitates folate absorption by cleaving γ-linked glutamate from folyl-poly-γ-glutamate. In humans, GCPII is also expressed in a number of other organs (e.g., kidney and prostate) and tumors, where its physiological function is unknown. In an attempt to characterize the physiological function of the enzyme, we first characterized the commercially available monoclonal antibodies against GCPII. Further, we developed a fully synthetic replacement based on a hydrophilic polymer with bound GCPII inhibitors. We evaluated the suitability of using a murine biomodel to study GCPII function in vivo. We found the difference in GCPII expression profile in mouse and human. We did not observe GCPII in either the mouse prostate or small intestine. To assess physiological and pathophysiological functions of the enzyme we analyzed a GCPII-deficient mouse model. Apart from the observation of enlarged seminal vesicles in older males, we did not detect any other obvious phenotype. Similarly, we confirmed that GCPII cannot cleave amyloid peptides (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42)....
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The role of BK polyomavirus in human cancer
Cirbusová, Adéla ; Saláková, Martina (advisor) ; Šroller, Vojtěch (referee)
BK polyomavirus is small uncoated DNA virus which is ubiquitous in human population. In imunosupresed individuals can cause severe diseases, specifically BK polyomavirus associated nephropathy (BKVaN) and hemoragic cystitidis. Except that, it is presumed that BKV may be responsible for some cases of human cancer. Some features of BKV could support this idea. There are three encoded oncoproteins in BKV genome. BKV is oncogenic in rodents, where induces multiple types of tumors and it can transform cell lines as well. Moreover, BKV DNA was found in many types of human cancer. All these facts suggest a possible role of BKV in human cancer. Bladder carcinoma in pacients after transplatation and prostate adenocarcinoma are the most likely candidates to link with BKV participation. There is no complete evidence though. Therefore, future studies are necessary to proof or even exclude BKV as a possible cause of human cancer. key words: BKV, cancer, LTag, prostate, bladder
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Natural drugs in the treatment and prevention of prostate diseases
Alaei Faradonbeh, Danial ; Martin, Jan (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
Danial Alaei Faradonbeh, Natural drugs in the treatment and prevention of prostate diseases, Charles University in Prague, faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 2015, 86 pages. "Natural drugs in the treatment and prevention of prostate diseases" deals with prostate diseases which are some of the common ailments affecting men in different parts of the world. The etiology of prostate diseases has been identified but little progress has been witnessed as far as treatment is concerned. Of all prostate diseases identified so far, prostate cancer is the most common and affect me aged 40 and above. Prostate cancer affects the prostate gland and affects the normal function of other genitourinary tissues. Conventional prostate disease therapies have yielded minimal results, leading to increased calls for further research. Successful application of plants in the management of other conditions has attracted the interests of cancer researchers. Focus on a number of plants can provide the much needed reprieve and therapy against prostate cancer. Previous studies have identified a number of plants whose active component can act against cancer cells. Ficus pseudopalma, Nelumbo nuficera, Camptotheca acuminata, Rauvolfa vomitoria and Viscum album are some of the plants which have been identified to act against...
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The possibilities of education in the prevention of incontinence after prostate surgery
ČEŠKOVÁ, Jana
The goal of the work is to ensure a safe feeling for the patient in preoperative preparation so that it can cooperate more actively in the prevention of incontinence in the postoperative period. Another goal of the work is to create an educational material intended for patients with planned prostate surgery. The research was carried out by a qualitative method using questioning in the form of interviews. One group of patients was educated according to the custom of the department and the other group was edited using a brochure. When searching for the respondents, patients were approached by the patients of the Písek hospital. Data analysis was carried out by the hand-coded method, also referred to as the paper and pencil method. The results can be divided into four areas according to which research question they apply. The first part of the results provided information that if the patient is subjectively well informed, we will ensure active co-operation in the prevention of incontinence in the postoperative period. In the second question, we investigated whether the lack of information has an impact on the feeling of safety and security. This has also been confirmed. The third area gave the answer to whether the patient is satisfied if he feels time pressure during reception. The majority of men were unsatisfied with the time pressure. The fourth area assessed the suitability of education through a brochure and according to the practice of the department in the success of the preventive measure of postoperative incontinence. The men who used the brochure were aware of the possible complication and its prevention. The work provides a comprehensive view of the issue of education in prevention of incontinence after prostate surgery. The output of this work is an information brochure for patients of the urological ambulance. Results of the research are used to improve the educational process in patients coming for surgery of the prostate.
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The communication Strategy of Nonprofit Organization Movember Foundation in the Czech Republic
Steinbergerová, Zuzana ; Shavit, Anna (advisor) ; Klimeš, David (referee)
The bachelor thesis Communication Strategy of Nonprofit Organization Movember Foundation in the Czech Republic presents international nonprofit organization which focuses on men's health. The first part of thesis focuses on history of the organization and its missions. The thesis continues with a chapter in which is explained the role of marketing in nonprofit organizations then marketing goals in the organization are defined. The next part of the thesis is concentrated on communication strategy of the organization in the Czech Republic. This part also analyzes who are target audiences and defines competitors among other nonprofit organizations within the same area of interest. Furthermore this chapter presents communication activities in two time periods: 2009- 2012 and 2013-2015 and analyses them. The next part concerns author's own research, which will reveal awareness of the organization in the Czech Republic. Moreover research will show if Czechs consider the organization as trustworthy institution or not. In addition to that, research will disclose if the organization was successful in terms of increasing the awareness of male's cancer during the 7- year-period of its presence in the Czech Republic. The last chapter of the thesis recommends how Movember Foundation can improve its...
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Antitumor immunotherapy of prostate carcinoma
Kobosilová, Linda ; Špíšek, Radek (advisor) ; Šmahel, Michal (referee)
The progressiveness in basic immunology is leading to a better comprehension of the interaction between the immune system and tumours. It arouses the interest in the use of the immune system in cancer treatment. Preclinical and clinical studies of the antitumour immunotherapy report promising results of several tested substances. These results also illustrate the basic operating principles of the immune system. The best illustration of the hopes put into antitumour immunotherapy is a recent approval of a substance for prostate cancer treatment called Sipuleucel-T by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This work summarizes recent findings in the development of strategies for the antitumour immunotherapy of prostate cancer, but most of these findings and strategies are applicable for other types of cancer as well.
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Cost Analysis of the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Plánka, Martin ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Mlčák, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with prostate cancer, contains informations about this affection and in the practical part I deal with costs, which are used on treatment for prostate cancer. The theoretical part presents prostate cancer, its symptoms, risky factors and diagnostic. Furthermore introduces treatment methodes of prostate cancer, its classifying and insertion to stages. In the theoretical part are calculated costs on the individual modalities of prostate cancer treatment. These costs are compared with datas received from Hospital in Jihlava during the treatment of this affection. In the end sumarise costs of this treatment and analyse propriety of punctual screening of illness.
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The education necessity of amateur male public in the scope of prostate disease prevention.
LESKOVJANOVÁ, Lucie
The title of this Bachelor{\crq}s thesis is ``The necessity of education of the non-professional male public, within the prevention of prostate disease{\crqq}. It deals with the questions of prostate disease and the prevention thereof in general. This subject is very topical due to the increasing occurrence of prostate disease in men. I set up four objectives in this thesis: surveying the information at the disposal of the non-professional male public within the prevention of prostate disease. Finding out what particular information nurses need for the education of clients within the prevention of prostate disease. Finding out what information the non-professional male public need within the prevention of prostate disease. Compiling the education booklet ``The prevention of prostate disease``, based on the analysis of the information gained. Following this, three research questions were asked: What information do the non-professional male public have at their disposal within the prevention of prostate disease? What information do the non-professional male public need within the prevention of prostate disease? What particular information do nurses need for the education of clients within the prevention of prostate disease? The research investigation that concerned nurses was conducted at the České Budějovice Hospital a.s., in private urological and general practitioners{\crq} surgeries in České Budějovice. The next investigation conducted concerned the non-professional male public between the ages of 40 and 70 years in České Budějovice. Each of the sets questioned (nurses and the non-professional male public) had 8 respondents. Qualitative investigation was conducted with all respondents, who were asked questions prepared in advance, by the unstructured conversation technique. The analysis of the questions obtained from the non-professional male public gave rise to the information booklet ``The prevention of prostate disease``, which was tested by an inquiry. The objectives of the Bacherlor{\crq}s thesis were fulfilled. Two answers to the research questions and a hypothesis were set up on the basis of the research investigation. Answer No. 1: Men have, within the prevention of prostate disease, information on regular prevention examinations, urination troubles, healthy life style, reducing of cycling, sedentary jobs, regular urination, non-retention of urination in uriesthesis, using medicaments according to the physician{\crq}s prescription, regular movement, reducing of smoking and the prevention of colds. Answer No. 2: The non-professional male public need, within the prevention of prostate disease, information on the prevention of tumorous diseases, prevention of inflammatory diseases, prevention of prostate hypertrophy, the diagnostics of prostate disease and the treatment of prostate disease. H1: Nurses have no need to obtain specific information for the education within the prevention of prostate disease. The investigation results in the conclusion that the education within the prevention of prostate disease is really important. An important aspect to support the education is application of the compiled information booklet in health centres focusing on urological troubles, or in general practitioners{\crq} surgeries.
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